depmod -a : it will add new module automaticaly modprobe drivername: it will add that specifiq driver Preventing “ping of death” : cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies , output should be 1 lsmod: to show the installed kernel module /lib/modules/kernel_virson/Directory : here all kernel modules are stored modprobe -r modulename : will remove that module Kernel Tuning: Kernel [...]